The Impact of Ketogenic Diet on Lipid Metabolism

Background: Many are interested in the possible consequences of the ketogenic diet on cardiovascular health and lipid metabolism because of its high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and moderate-protein composition. While some studies suggest improvements in lipid profiles, such as reductions in triglycerides and increases in HDL cholesterol, concerns remain about its impact on LDL cholesterol levels. The study expected to find out the effect of a ketogenic diet on lipid metabolism over a 4-month period in a sample of patients at Patna Medical College & Hospital, Patna Bihar. Aim: To evaluate the impact of a ketogenic diet on lipid metabolism, focusing on changes in total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and the HDL/LDL ratio. Method: This was a prospective, observational study conducted from April 2024 to August 2024 at Patna Medical College & Hospital, Patna Bihar. A total of 100 patients, aged 18-60 years, were placed on a ketogenic diet (70% fat, 20% protein, 10% carbohydrates) for 4 months. Baseline lipid levels (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides) were measured, and follow-up measurements were taken at 2 months and 4 months. Paired t-tests and ANOVA were used to analyse lipid levels with time. Results: At the end of the study, significant reductions were observed in total cholesterol (mean decrease: 12%), LDL cholesterol (mean decrease: 10%), and triglycerides (mean decrease: 20%). HDL cholesterol levels significantly increased (mean increase: 15%). The HDL/LDL ratio also improved, indicating a more favorable lipid profile. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in lipid levels between baseline and follow-up points (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Lipid metabolism improved with the ketogenic diet, LDL cholesterol, lowering triglycerides, and increasing HDL cholesterol. These findings imply that a ketogenic diet may improve lipid profiles and reduce cardiovascular risk. Lipid levels must be monitored continuously because individual responses, especially for LDL cholesterol, differ. Longer, control group studies are needed to corroborate these findings.