Innovational Skills and Corporate Performance: A Systematic Review of Evidence from East Africa with a Case Focus on Multinational Corporations in South Sudan

This systematic review critically examines the nexus between innovational skills and corporate performance within the East African context, with a specific case focus on multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in South Sudan. The study underscores the escalating importance of innovation for firm survival, scalability, and competitive advantage in emerging economies. Innovational skills, conceptualized as a multidimensional construct encompassing technological, process-based, managerial, and adaptive capabilities, are pivotal in enhancing diverse corporate performance indicators such as profitability, productivity, market share, and operational efficiency. Drawing upon Schumpeterian Innovation Theory, the Resource-Based View (RBV), Dynamic Capabilities Theory, and the Knowledge-Based View (KBV), this review synthesizes empirical evidence from 2018 to 2023. The methodology adheres to PRISMA guidelines, involving a systematic search of academic databases like Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost, followed by rigorous screening and quality assessment of 53 selected studies. Key findings reveal that while MNCs in East Africa leverage various innovational skills, their application and impact are significantly moderated by contextual factors including institutional quality, infrastructure deficits, political stability, and human capital availability. In South Sudan, MNCs face acute challenges stemming from its post-conflict environment, necessitating unique innovation strategies centered on resilience, adaptation, and trust-building. The review identifies critical enablers such as leadership support and digital ecosystems, alongside barriers like weak institutions and skill gaps. The study concludes by offering targeted policy and strategic recommendations for corporate leaders, policymakers, and development partners to foster innovation ecosystems and enhance corporate sustainability in East Africa, particularly in South Sudan.