Enhancing Life Satisfaction in Cardiac Patients: Evidence-Based Psychological Interventions and Outcomes - A Systematic Review

Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension often experience reduced life satisfaction due to the chronic stress and health challenges associated with these conditions. Psychological interventions have been proposed to improve mental well-being and life satisfaction in this population. This systematic review examines studies from 2012 to 2025 on the effectiveness of various psychological interventions – including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), mindfulness-based interventions, positive psychology strategies, stress management techniques, and supportive therapy – in enhancing life satisfaction among patients with CAD and hypertension. Relevant literature was identified from international and Indian journals, focusing on randomized controlled trials and observational studies that reported outcomes related to life satisfaction or quality of life. A total of 35 studies met inclusion criteria. Findings indicate that CBT and mindfulness interventions consistently alleviate depression and anxiety and improve quality of life in cardiac patients. Positive psychology interventions show promising gains in life satisfaction and optimism, while stress management training yields reductions in stress and even cardiovascular event risk. Supportive therapy and group support tend to enhance coping and adjustment, though evidence for life satisfaction improvement is mixed. Overall, psychological interventions are effective adjuncts for improving psychological well-being and potentially life satisfaction in CAD and hypertensive patients. However, gaps remain regarding long-term effects, optimal intervention formats, and cultural adaptations. Future research should target these gaps and explore integrated intervention approaches.