The role of humans in artificial intelligence for education: A Closed loop

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed the educational landscape by offering personalized learning experiences, automating administrative tasks, and enhancing student outcomes. However, despite the vast potential of AI in education, human involvement remains crucial in ensuring that these systems align with educational goals, are ethically sound, and remain effective. This paper explores the role of humans in the AI-driven educational ecosystem, focusing on the concept of a "closed-loop" system. In this model, human educators, students, and AI systems continuously interact, with each component influencing and improving the others. The closed-loop dynamic between humans and AI is essential for fostering effective, adaptive, and equitable learning environments. This paper examines key aspects of this collaboration, including human input in AI design, the role of AI in facilitating learning, the importance of human oversight, and the ongoing feedback loop that drives continuous improvement. Nowadays Artificial Intelligence is used in almost all the areas from medicine to education, etc. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence make its use in education more likely. In fact, existing learning systems already utilize it for supporting students’ learning or teachers’ judgments. In this perspective article, we want to elaborate on the role of humans in making decisions in the design and implementation process of artificial intelligence in education. Therefore, we propose that an artificial intelligence-supported system in education can be considered a closed-loop system, which includes the steps of (i) data recording, (ii) pattern detection, and (iii) adaptivity. A qualitative research approach, leveraging the use of literature review as a research design and approach, was used and effectively facilitated the realization of the study purpose. Artificial intelligence is a field of study and the resulting innovations and developments that have culminated in computers, machines, and other artifacts having human-like intelligence characterized by cognitive abilities, learning, adaptability, and decision-making capabilities. The study ascertained that AI has extensively been adopted and used in education, particularly by education institutions, in different forms. AI initially took the form of computer and computer-related technologies, transitioning to web-based and online intelligent education systems, and ultimately with the use of embedded computer systems, together with other technologies, the use of humanoid robots and web-based chatbots to perform instructors’ duties and functions independently or with instructors. Using these platforms, instructors have been able to perform different administrative functions, such as reviewing and grading students’ assignments more effectively and efficiently, and achieve higher quality in their teaching activities. On the other hand, because the systems leverage machine learning and adaptability, curriculum and content has been customized and personalized in line with student’s needs, which has fostered uptake and retention, thereby improving learners experience and overall quality of learning.