TECHNOLOGIES FOR RECOVERING OF METALS FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTE

ABSTRACT The article discusses the issues of waste generated in recent years at the Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex as a result of flotation, beneficiation, and metallurgical production. A significant amount of industrial waste has accumulated due to the company's operations: the volume of waste generated from flotation processes is estimated at approximately 955–960 million tons, while waste from copper smelting plants is around 11–13 million tons. During beneficiation using flotation methods, the waste primarily contains elements such as Cu, Zn, Mo, Fe, Au, and Ag. The presence of sulfur-rich minerals like FeS₂, FeS, and Fe₇S₈ leads to the loss of valuable elements. One of the main problems is the sulfur content ranging from 1.38% to 10.5% (depending on granule size), and the silica (SiO₂) content, which ranges from 65% to 69%. Analysis showed that the content of iron and copper in the mineral components of the waste amounts to 42% and 0.891%, respectively. Due to the exposure of surfaces in crushed waste, magnetic susceptibility increased by 0.8%. Studies revealed that the quartz content in the waste negatively affects the formation of wüstite compounds, and the kinetic influence of lime has been analyzed to counter this. The optimal ratio of added lime is 1:0.5, which contributes to an increase in silicon content and the formation of CaO∙SiO₂ compounds. Temperature and time play a crucial role in this process. To ensure proper reaction at 1000°C and complete interaction with oxygen, internal mixing within the aggregate is necessary