Development & Evaluation of Hydrogen Peroxide and Silver Nitrate Disinfection Solution

This study presents the formulation, characterization, and efficacy evaluation of a novel disinfectant solution combining hydrogen peroxide (11%) and silver nitrate (100–500 ppm), stabilized with aromatic amide compounds to enhance chemical stability and antimicrobial performance. Hydrogen peroxide and silver nitrate were selected for their strong oxidizing and broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. Preformulation analyses confirmed high-purity reagents, and pH assessments revealed increasing acidity with higher active concentrations. Initial screening of six formulations demonstrated significant synergistic antimicrobial activity, achieving up to a 6-log microbial reduction. Optimized batches were characterized for clarity, particle size, zeta potential, and antimicrobial efficacy, with higher silver concentrations yielding better inhibition zones. Comparative analysis of two optimized batches (Batch-B: 300 ppm AgNO₃; Batch-C: 500 ppm AgNO₃) revealed that Batch-C exhibited superior antimicrobial activity and particle uniformity, whereas Batch-B offered better colloidal stability. In-vitro fogging studies demonstrated that both formulations effectively reduced airborne microbial loads, with the 500-ppm formulation maintaining lower microbial counts over time. These findings support the use of hydrogen peroxide and silver nanoparticle-based disinfectants for effective, short-term disinfection in enclosed environments, offering a safer alternative to traditional agents like formaldehyde.