A Study on The Clinical Profile of Patients with Acute Pyelonephritis Presenting as Acute Kidney Injury in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Jammu and Kashmir (Srinagar)

Abstract Introduction: Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is a common bacterial infection that can lead to acute kidney injury (AKI). Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for preventing long-term renal damage. This study aimed to assess the incidence of AKI in patients with APN at a tertiary care hospital in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 30 patients with APN and AKI, hospitalized between September 1st and October 1st, 2024. Inclusion criteria were patients aged 18–70 years with radiologically confirmed APN. Exclusion criteria included chronic kidney disease, severe cardiopulmonary disease, and shock. Results: Of the 30 patients, 22 (73.33%) were male, and the mean age was 46.56 ± 14.3 years. Risk factors for APN included diabetes mellitus (66.66%), hypertension (16.66%), and renal calculi (10%). Blood cultures were positive in 6 (20%) patients, with Escherichia coli being the most common pathogen. At presentation, the average serum creatinine was 4 mg/dL ± 2.3. Eight patients (26.66%) required hemodialysis during hospitalization. By discharge, the average serum creatinine decreased to 2.07 ± 1.48 mg/dL. The average length of stay was 7.2 ± 5.4 days. Age, initial serum creatinine, and diabetes were associated with unfavorable renal outcomes. Conclusion: APN is a significant cause of AKI, particularly in patients with underlying conditions such as diabetes. Early identification and aggressive treatment can lead to significant renal recovery, highlighting the importance of prompt intervention in preventing long-term renal impairment.