METHODS OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Diabetic retinopathy is a progressive microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness among working-age adults worldwide. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of diabetic retinopathy, including chronic hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and vascular endothelial dysfunction. It classifies the disease into non-proliferative and proliferative stages, highlighting characteristic clinical features. The paper emphasizes the significance of early diagnosis through advanced techniques such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography, and OCT angiography.