PRAISEWORTHY ASPECTS AND SHORTCOMINGS OF OMEGA-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID ON MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER – A REVIEW

Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide, significantly impacting quality of life and overall health. While pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions remain the cornerstone of treatment, growing evidence suggests that nutritional factors, particularly omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), may play a critical role in the modulation of depressive symptoms. This dissertation explores the relationship between omega-3 fatty acids and depression, focusing on the biological mechanisms, clinical outcomes, and potential therapeutic applications. A comprehensive review of epidemiological studies, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses is undertaken to assess the effectiveness of omega-3 supplementation in various populations. Particular attention is given to the differential effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on mood regulation, inflammatory pathways, and neurotransmission. The findings suggest that higher intake or supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids, especially EPA-rich formulations, may offer a modest but clinically meaningful benefit in the management of depression, particularly in individuals with treatment-resistant symptoms or those with low baseline omega-3 levels. However, inconsistencies across studies highlight the need for standardized methodologies and further investigation into optimal dosages, treatment duration, and patient selection criteria.