Sustainability and Supply Chain Performance in the FMCG Sector: A Systematic Review

This systematic review examines the intersection of sustainability practices and supply chain performance in the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector. The study synthesizes recent literature from 2022-2024 to provide a comprehensive understanding of how sustainability initiatives impact supply chain operations in this dynamic industry. The review employs a systematic methodology to analyze peer- reviewed articles, focusing on key themes including green supply chain management, digital transformation, and performance measurement systems. Our analysis reveals several significant findings. First, institutional pressures and stakeholder expectations increasingly drive the adoption of sustainable practices in FMCG supply chains. Second, the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies, particularly digital twins and artificial intelligence, proves crucial in enabling and monitoring sustainable operations. Third, successful implementation of sustainable practices requires careful balance between environmental goals and operational efficiency, supported by comprehensive performance measurement systems. The review identifies emerging trends and challenges in sustainable supply chain management, including the role of knowledge spillovers, the importance of supplier assessment frameworks, and the growing emphasis on supply chain transparency. Furthermore, our findings highlight the critical role of organizational culture and leadership commitment in successful sustainability implementations. The study also reveals significant research gaps, particularly in areas of social sustainability metrics and long-term impact assessment of sustainable practices. This review contributes to both theory and practice by providing a structured framework for understanding sustainability implementation in FMCG supply chains. The findings offer valuable insights for supply chain managers seeking to enhance sustainable performance and for researchers investigating future directions in this field. Our recommendations encompass practical guidelines for sustainability implementation and suggestions for future research directions.