Synergistic Effects of 5-Fluorouracil, N-Acetylcysteine, and L-Arginine on Inhibition of Breast Adenocarcinoma Cell Invasion and Migration: In Vitro

The study sought to find out the effectiveness of combining 5-fluorouracil with N-Acetyl Cysteine and L-arginine in reducing the invasive and migratory properties of breast cancer cells. The Sorensen method was used to make a phosphate buffer solution, which was then evaluated for the haemolytic activity of NAC, 5-FU, and L-arginine on red blood cells. The effects of these drugs on breast cancer cells were subsequently investigated in vitro, with cell viability measured using the MTT assay. Cell lysates were collected by the freeze-thaw technique. The combination of 5-fluorouracil, N-Acetyl Cysteine, and L-arginine dramatically reduced breast cancer cell invasion and migration as compared with individual treatments or control groups. NAC's high antioxidant qualities effectively reduced breast cancer cell migration and invasion, whereas L-arginine had anti-cancer characteristics. As doses of drugs increased, the expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Matrix Metalloproteinase-09, both linked with cancer growth, decreased significantly. When coupled with NAC and L-arginine, 5-FU further reduced VEGF and MMP-9 expression. The MTT test revealed that increasing the dosage of the drug combination resulted in slower cell growth. The therapeutic combination of NAC, L-arginine, and 5-FU shown significant effectiveness in inhibiting breast cancer cell invasion and migration. The results show that the combination of these drugs greatly lowers VEGF and MMP-9 expression, which contributes to the suppression of cancer cell growth and metastasis. The study focusses on NAC, L-arginine, and 5-FU as a possible therapeutic method for breast cancer therapy.