Taxonomic evaluation of aizoaceae in western and southwestern Saudi Arabia: insights into morphology, anatomy, and palynology with records of two new species

Aizoaceae is a leaf-succulent family represented by 132 genera and approximately 1,900 species, originating from South Africa and known as the ice family. This research investigates selected genera of Aizoaceae found in Saudi Arabia, focusing on their morphology, anatomy, and palynology. Specimens were collected from various regions in western and southwestern Saudi Arabia, representing different ecological conditions. The study involved field observations, laboratory analysis, and numerical evaluation using Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) through the Multivariate Statistical Package (MVSP). Results revealed the identification of five genera from the western and southwestern regions, including the new record species Malephora crocea and Mesembryanthemum cordifolium. Both species were included under the subfamily Mesembryanthemoidea, while Sesuvium verrucosum and Zaleya pentandra were classified under Sesuvioideae. Morphological, anatomical, and palynological data were crucial in distinguishing these taxa, demonstrating the need for using diverse taxonomic approaches.