THEORETICAL TENSIONS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW: LIBERAL AND REALIST APPROACHES TO STATE CONDUCT

Within the realm of historical international relations, the principles of liberal theory find compelling expression through the collaborative endeavors of various actors, both state and non-state, aimed at codifying international laws. These laws, crafted to safeguard civilization against transgressive actions perpetrated by nations, organizations, or individuals, stand as poignant symbols of international cooperation. Throughout history, pivotal instances such as the Geneva Conventions, the Nuremberg Trials, the International Criminal Tribunals on Yugoslavia and Rwanda, and the establishment of the International Criminal Court (ICC) have epitomized the collective efforts towards legal codification and enforcement on the global stage. This paper examines the historical trajectory of international cooperative efforts in codifying and enforcing international laws, with a particular emphasis on the manifestations of liberal theory within this context. Through an analysis of key historical milestones, including landmark trials and the establishment of international legal institutions, the study elucidates the evolution and significance of international cooperation in shaping the contemporary landscape of global governance. Drawing upon insights from historical scholarship and theoretical frameworks, the paper explores the underlying principles that underpin international cooperative endeavors in the realm of legal codification. It highlights the role of collective action and multilateralism in addressing transnational challenges and upholding the principles of justice and accountability on the global stage. The findings underscore the transformative impact of international cooperation in advancing the principles of liberal theory within the realm of international relations. Moreover, they emphasize the enduring relevance of collaborative efforts in promoting peace, justice, and the rule of law in an increasingly interconnected world. In conclusion, this paper argues that historical examples of international cooperation in codifying and enforcing international laws serve as compelling illustrations of the efficacy and necessity of liberal principles in addressing global challenges and advancing collective interests