Recent Advancement of Metal oxide Semiconductors for Energy Storage Applications: A Review

Metal oxide semiconductors have emerged as promising materials for energy storage applications due to their unique structural, electrical, and electrochemical properties. This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in metal oxide-based semiconductors, focusing on their roles in supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, and other emerging energy storage technologies. The paper highlights various synthesis techniques, such as sol-gel, hydrothermal, co-precipitation, and electrospinning, which significantly influence the morphology, surface area, and electrochemical performance of the materials.Present review also discusses the charge storage mechanisms, challenges in large-scale applications, and the future perspectives for optimizing performance and scalability. By consolidating the recent progress in material design and application strategies, this review aims to guide future research directions in the development of efficient, sustainable, and high-performance metal oxide semiconductor-based energy storage systems.