Study of Prevalence and Diversity of Eimeria spp. In Poultry Birds from Malegaon Region, Maharashtra

AbstractPoultry is one of the most critical components of the world food security system, but is most widely spread. It has developed economically in places like Malegaon and Maharashtra, where it is a significant economic activity. Coccidiosis caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria is one of the most serious diseases threatening poultry's health, productivity, and profitability. This study is a call to action, aiming to assess the prevalence, diversity, and impact of Eimeria species in Malegaon, a region with diverse farming practices and a high poultry consumption rate. Faecal and intestinal matter from apparently ill to healthy birds were collected on various farms across Malegaon. Morphological and molecular methods (microscopic examination and PCR) of Eimeria species identification and differentiation were used in the study. The study revealed the presence of several Eimeria species with significant variations in the prevalence and pathogenicity. Eimeria necatrix and Eimeria tenella were the most pathogenic of the different Eimeria species encountered, producing severe intestinal destruction resulting in economic loss. This study also noted environmental and management issues, including biosecurity breaches and overcrowding, which aid in the spread of disease.These results highlight the need for reasonable control measures against coccidiosis, including the reinforcement of biosecurity, vaccination, and prudent use of antiprotozoal medications. This research also holds promise in that it is poised to introduce sustainable poultry farming practices founded on local knowledge of the epidemiology and dynamics of Eimeria infections, i.e., food security and enhanced economic resilience for the Malegaon poultry farmers.