Assessing the Nature of Energy Consumption in Institutions of Higher Education

This paper aims to identify key consumption drivers, evaluate students' awareness of energy conservation, and propose sustainable strategies. A mixed-method approach was employed, using surveys with open and close-ended questions to collect data from 373 students. This paper analyses students’ reliance on various energy sources, their engagement in conservation practices, and barriers to efficiency. The findings indicate a heavy dependence on the National Grid with limited adoption of renewable energy sources. Cooking and learning activities were identified as the most energy-intensive, whereas metered billing influenced consumption behaviors. Although students demonstrated a high awareness of environmental impacts, their participation in energy-saving practices varied, particularly in the management of high-energy appliances. Financial constraints, inadequate institutional policies, and limited access to energy-efficient technologies have been identified as the key barriers to conservation. Policy interventions are recommended in terms of investment in renewable energy, LED lighting adoption, and enhanced education on conservation. By addressing these challenges, universities can optimize their energy efficiency, reduce costs, and promote sustainable resource use. The findings contribute to broader sustainability efforts and offer practical solutions for improving energy management in higher education institutions.