THE ROLE OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IN ENHANCING RISK MANAGEMENT IN COMMERCIAL BANKS' OFF-BALANCE SHEET OPERATIONS

Technological advancements are transforming the banking industry, particularly in the area of risk management. Off-balance sheet (OBS) operations—such as derivatives, securitization, and guarantees—pose significant risk challenges to commercial banks. This study investigates the role of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and blockchain technology in mitigating these risks and improving transparency in OBS activities. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative data from leading commercial banks with qualitative insights from industry reports, academic literature, and case studies. The findings suggest that advanced technologies significantly enhance risk assessment and management by automating processes, improving predictive accuracy, and increasing transparency in complex financial instruments. This study provides critical insights into how commercial banks can leverage these technologies to reduce systemic risk and enhance financial stability.