Natural Hypertension Remedies: A Review of Medicinal Plant Efficacy

Background: Hypertension is a significant global health concern and a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. While conventional antihypertensive drugs are widely used, they often cause side effects, leading to an increasing interest in plant-based alternatives. Traditional medicine has long utilized medicinal plants for managing hypertension, with various species demonstrating promising blood pressure-lowering effects. Objective: This review examines medicinal plants with antihypertensive properties, emphasizing their therapeutic potential, mechanisms of action, and pharmacological significance. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify medicinal plants with documented hypotensive effects. Studies investigating their bioactive compounds and mechanisms, including diuretic action, calcium channel blockade, nitric oxide (NO) modulation, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, were analysed. Key Findings: Several medicinal plants, such as Allium sativum (garlic), Nigella sativa (black cumin), Bidens pilosa (black-jack), and Tribulus terrestris, exhibit significant antihypertensive effects. Their mechanisms of action include vasodilation, inhibition of ACE, and antioxidant activity, contributing to improved vascular health. These plants offer potential as complementary or alternative therapies for hypertension, with fewer side effects compared to conventional medications. However, further clinical trials are needed to confirm their safety, efficacy, and optimal dosages.