Perceived Resistance in Vacuum: Interference Fields of Broken Closed Surfaces

This paper redefines the concept of vacuum by introducing a geometric field-based model rooted in closed surface theory. It argues that even in the absence of particles, vacuum possesses a tangible resistance due to the interference of unstable, broken closed surfaces—structures that fail to form stable molecular configurations. Using a thought experiment involving opposing permanent magnets sealed in a vacuum piston, the study illustrates how such broken surfaces generate a mechanical-like response. This framework provides a unified explanation for the perceived pressure in vacuum systems and offers insight into Casimir forces and zero-point energy as manifestations of constrained curvature interference. Author: Tetsuo Konno(今野哲夫) https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1842-7865