The incidence of stunting based on gender in Indonesia: A literature review

Background: Stunting is a chronic malnutrition issue caused by insufficient nutritional intake over a prolonged period, resulting in growth disturbances in children, such as a height that is shorter than the standard for their age. Stunting is always preceded by weight faltering, which refers to inadequate weight gain when compared to the standard weight gain for age and sex. Other factors associated with the occurrence of stunting include exclusive breastfeeding, the age at which complementary feeding (MP-ASI) is introduced, the child’s age, parenting practices, and gender. One study indicates that in Indonesia, boys are at a much higher risk of stunting than girls. Another study states that it is difficult to draw conclusions about whether girls or boys are more at risk of stunting, as the prevalence of stunting is equally high in both genders. This difference in opinions is what led the author to be interested in conducting this research. Objective: The aim of this study is to understand why gender is associated with the occurrence of stunting. Method: The results of this literature review are based on observations from various journals that meet the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: Based on the results observed, it was concluded that boys are more likely to experience stunting than girls.