Accessible Tourism for People with Dementia: an Evidence-Based Design approach to Sensory Gardens in Urban Areas

Abstract: It is estimated that approximately 55 million people worldwide live with dementia, and this number is projected to triple by 2050. In Brazil and Latin America, cases are expected to increase by 200%, making dementia the seventh leading cause of death globally. Accessible Tourism (AT) for people with dementia, especially through the creation of sensory gardens in urban areas, emerges as a promising strategy to significantly improve the quality of life of these people, while promoting social inclusion, collective well-being and the sustainable development of tourism. Dementia causes cognitive and sensory impairment, resulting in difficulties in perceiving stimuli, disorientation and increased anxiety. In view of this, the aim is to investigate the most recent scientific evidence that, combined with the concept of accessible tourism in urban areas, can guide urban planning managers to promote improvements in city infrastructure and adapt public policies aimed at serving people with dementia. This exploratory research is based on an integrative literature review, including publications between 2020 and 2024, on the themes of "dementia", "tourism", "evidence-based design" and "accessibility in urban areas". As a result, seven elements were considered promising in urban design: (i) controlled stimulation of the senses; (ii) familiarizing and safe environments; (iii) integration of memories and narratives; (iv) variety of accessible routes; (v) incorporation of restorative nature; (vi) appropriate colors and materials; and (vii) connectivity and access to urban transport modes. These elements prove to be effective both accessible and sustainable tourism, promoting inclusive, healthy and economically viable environments.