Proof that the Electron is a Closed Surface of Bohr Radius

This paper presents a formal proof that the electron is not a point particle but a closed surface structure with a radius equal to the Bohr radius. By analyzing the Laplacian of the hydrogen atom’s ground-state wavefunction, we show that the curvature density of the spatial distribution, given by ∇2Φ/Φ, attains a finite and well-defined value of approximately -1 / a₀², where a₀ is the Bohr radius. This finite curvature contradicts the point-particle assumption and supports the interpretation of the electron as a quantized closed surface. The result offers a geometric foundation for reinterpreting quantum entities in terms of surface-based, not point-based, structures.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2025-07-20
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16218463
Primary Topic
Quantum Mechanics and Applications
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Proof that the Electron is a Closed Surface of Bohr Radius

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Quantum Mechanics and Applications
article

Proof that the Electron is a Closed Surface of Bohr Radius

article en

Abstract

This paper presents a formal proof that the electron is not a point particle but a closed surface structure with a radius equal to the Bohr radius. By analyzing the Laplacian of the hydrogen atom’s ground-state wavefunction, we show that the curvature density of the spatial distribution, given by ∇2Φ/Φ, attains a finite and well-defined value of approximately -1 / a₀², where a₀ is the Bohr radius. This finite curvature contradicts the point-particle assumption and supports the interpretation of the electron as a quantized closed surface. The result offers a geometric foundation for reinterpreting quantum entities in terms of surface-based, not point-based, structures.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Kappa Omicron Nu Honor Society (US)
Openalex Percentile: Top 58%
Quantum Mechanics and Applications
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