PLANT-BASED PROTECTION: A REVIEW ON HERBAL SUNSCREENS

Herbal sunscreens offer a natural, holistic, and safer alternative to conventional synthetic sunscreens by incorporating plant-derived ingredients known for their UV-absorbing, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin-soothing properties. With growing awareness of the adverse effects of prolonged ultraviolet (UV) exposure—including sunburn, photoaging, DNA damage, and increased risk of skin cancers—alongside rising concerns about the toxicity and ecological impact of chemical sunscreen agents, there is a renewed interest in botanically based sun-protective products. Herbal sunscreens harness the power of bioactive phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and essential oils, which act through mechanisms like UV absorption, free radical scavenging, and reinforcement of skin barrier functions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the harmful effects of UV radiation, the modes of action of sunscreen agents, and the various formulation types of herbal sunscreens. It further explores the role of commonly used herbs such as Aloe vera, turmeric, green tea, and cucumber, along with their functional contributions to photoprotection. The concept and significance of Sun Protection Factor (SPF) as a measure of efficacy are elaborated upon, including the methodologies used for its assessment. Additionally, the article addresses formulation challenges, regulatory considerations, and the future scope for innovation in the development of herbal sunscreens. Overall, this review highlights the potential of herbal sunscreens as effective, skin-friendly, and environmentally sustainable options for UV protection.