Political Discourse of Imam Hussein between Euphemism and Dysphemism

Euphemism and dysphemism are two linguistic processes that influence how we perceive language across various dimensions, including linguistic trends, semantics, and pragmatics. Although they share foundational elements, they exert contrasting effects and serve distinct purposes. This research investigates the use of euphemism and dysphemism in the discourse related to Imam Hussein. Adopting a qualitative descriptive approach, the researcher functions as the primary instrument for both data collection and analysis. The data is sourced from the script recited during the Battle of Kerbala, where euphemistic and dysphemistic terms are identified and coded for in-depth qualitative discourse analysis. These linguistic concepts frequently appear in print media, political discourse, and the oratory of Imam Hussein. The text underscores a profound contradiction in the cognitive and emotional dimensions of humanity, particularly regarding feelings of shame and humiliation. Despite his inability to secure a military victory, the Imam passionately advocated for liberty, justice, and dignity, promoting human values through language that will resonate throughout history. The study's findings reveal that Imam Hussein utilized euphemistic language to articulate these ideas. His discourse addresses significant themes such as the pursuit of freedom and justice, the struggle against vices and evils, and the experiences of collective humiliation and cognitive dissonance. In contrast, opposing factions resorted to derogatory language, including insults, profanity, and obscenities, to express their feelings of hatred, anger, and disrespect. They did so in a manner that targeted the positive image of each other and their audience, exhibiting little restraint in their expressions.