Chemical Contents, Plant Disease and Biopharmaceutical Applications of Persea americana Mill.: Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Values

The discovery of active substances in plants has positioned pharmacology as one of the most rapidly developing fields. The fundamental reason for the widespread use of plants lies in the human fascination with natural products. This study compiles the traditional uses, biological activities, cosmetic industry applications, plant diseases, chemical composition, phenolic content, and total phenolic and total flavonoid values of Persea americana. In traditional usage, the fruit portion of the avocado has been predominantly favored. Its applications, particularly in the realm of skincare, are widespread within the cosmetic industry. A primary factor contributing to this prevalence is the avocado's high vitamin E content. Evaluations of biological activity studies indicate a significant value in terms of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Literature reviews reveal that the majority of research on plant diseases focuses on fungal conditions, which are also noted to cause substantial economic losses. It has been observed that the major components in the chemical content of the leaf part of the avocado plant are estragole, β-caryophyllene, 2-(8Z,11Z)-8,11-heptadecadiene-furan, and methyl eugenol. A review of the literature reveals that the common phenolic compounds found in the seed, fruit, and leaf parts of the avocado plant include rutin, procyanidin, catechin, caffeic acid, epicatechin, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, quercetin, apigenin, kaempferol, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, and vanillic acid. It is believed that our study will contribute to future research on avocado and other tropical products, particularly in the field of pharmacology.