Comprehensive review of toxicological risks in wild game consumption

The consumption of wild game meat, rooted in cultural traditions and increasingly favored as a natural food source, presents both nutritional benefits and toxicological challenges. While wild game offers a rich source of protein and essential nutrients, it also carries unique risks associated with environmental contaminants, naturally occurring toxins, and zoonotic diseases. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of these toxicological hazards, drawing from a wide range of scientific literature. It examines the origins of toxins in wild game, including heavy metals, pesticides, and other environmental pollutants, as well as the risks posed by animals' natural diets and traditional hunting methods. Additionally, the review addresses the public health implications of consuming contaminated wild game and offers strategies for mitigating these risks. By exploring the complex interplay between wild game consumption and toxicology, this review aims to inform both consumers and public health professionals, emphasizing the importance of safe practices in the handling and preparation of wild game meat to minimize potential health hazards.