Energy storage and accumulation systems under prolonged disruptions of centralized power supply

The issue of reliable energy supply has become highly relevant due to the increasing share of renewable energy sources, which pose risks of supply interruptions due to the irregular nature of electricity production. The objective is to analyze the current state and future prospects of energy storage and accumulation technologies, as well as to explore effective methods for monitoring and managing energy systems, with a focus on innovative technologies that enhance the performance and stability of the energy infrastructure. The study utilized general scientific methods of cognition, including analytical methods, comparative analysis, structural analysis, and statistical methods. The analytical method was applied to synthesize information from secondary sources, including analytical reports, market research, and regulatory documents. The study reveals that the global energy storage market is rapidly expanding due to the adoption of renewable energy policies, and is expected to double by 2033. One of the most common technologies is lithium-ion batteries, divided into low-voltage systems (such as LiFePO4) for residential and small business applications, and high-voltage systems (like LiCoO2) for industrial use. The implementation of Energy Management Systems (EMS) allows real-time parameter monitoring and dynamic energy flow management, significantly improving the efficiency of such solutions. Innovative technologies, such as pumped hydro storage systems with up to 80% efficiency and compressed air energy storage systems, provide high performance for large networks. Other emerging solutions, including supercapacitors and hybrid systems, enhance the flexibility and stability of energy networks. It is concluded that innovative energy storage systems, integrated with advanced monitoring and management tools such as digital twins, artificial intelligence, and blockchain, can significantly improve the reliability and security of the energy infrastructure. Special attention should be given to lithium-ion batteries, pumped hydro storage systems, and hybrid solutions that combine multiple technologies for optimal performance. Monitoring and management systems hold great potential for development due to capabilities in forecasting, residual resource analysis, and ensuring continuous operation during emergency shutdowns. The practical significance of the research lies in the potential application of the developed methods to improve the stability of energy supply in emergency situations.