Comparison between the Astronomical Ceilings of the Pharaonic and the Ptolemaic Era

This paper examines the evolution of Egyptian astronomical ceilings from the Pharaonic Period down to the Ptolemaic Era, with a particular focus on how these ceilings may reflect the changing cosmovisional views of the ancient Egyptians. The introduction provides an overview of the importance of Astronomy in ancient Egyptian culture, linking it to both: religious practices and daily life. The main body of the article presents a comparative analysis of astronomical ceilings found in tombs of the New Kingdom (c. 1550-1069 BC), such as the Tomb of Son–en–Mūt, and temples from the Ptolemaic Period (332-30 BC). By focusing on key elements, such as the introduction of the Zodiac, the representations of Winds, the adaptation of decanal stars, and the integration of planetary deities, this study examines how Ptolemaic astronomical ceilings selectively incorpo­rated foreign influences while maintaining core Egyptian traditions. This shift was not merely decorative but signaled a deeper integration of foreign astronomical traditions into Egyptian thought. This illustrates how Egyptian astronomical traditions absorbed and adapted external influences, showcasing the dynamic exchan­ge of knowledge and astronomical lore between Egypt and other antique cultures.