Innovations in Implant Surfaces: A Review of Treatments Affecting Osseointegration Outcomes

The design, topography, texture, and surface treatments of dental implant materials are among the important aspects that have been recognised by the development of osseointegration research as determining their quality. In order to investigate the cellular interactions that take place with these materials and assess their impact on the rate and calibre of osseointegration, this study examines the body of research on the various surface treatments for dental implants. Using pertinent keywords including surface treatments, osseointegration, dental implants, and implant surfaces, a thorough bibliographic survey was carried out across several databases. Results show that better osseointegration results are linked to increasing surface roughness and improving hydrophilicity. In particular, chemically changed surfaces and surfaces treated with techniques like sandblasting and acid etching have demonstrated positive clinical outcomes, especially when early loading, poor bone quality, and patients with systemic health issues are involved. There is still disagreement in the literature on the best kind of surface treatment, even though there is evidence that implants with rough surfaces have a larger contact area with bone tissue.