Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Calcium Hydroxide Combined With Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNP) and Silver Nanoparticles (Agnp) Against E. Feacalis in Single-Rooted Mandibular Premolars – An Invitro Study

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains has necessitated the exploration of alternative antimicrobial agents. This study investigates the antibacterial efficacy of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against Enterococcus faecalis, a pathogenic bacterium known for its resistance to conventional antibiotics and its role in endodontic re-infections. Materials and Methods: Forty extracted single rooted mandibular premolars were collected. After following appropriate cleaning and shaping upto F3, the samples were categorised into 4 groups ( n=10) . group 1 – control group ( without any medication), Group 2 – calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament, Group 3 – ca(OH)2 + silver nanoparticles ( AgNP ), Group 4 - ca(OH)2 + silver nanoparticles ( AgNP ) + Magnetic nanoparticles ( MNP ). Then the prepared intracanal medicaments were introduced into already incubated E faecalis tooth sample. The antimicrobial efficacy were evaluated at the interval of 24 hours and 7 days. Results: The antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was evaluated using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. The results demonstrated that both MNPs and AgNPs exhibit significant antibacterial properties against E. faecalis, with MNPs showing superior efficacy. The MIC values for AgNPs were found to be in the range of 2-4 µg/mL, while MNPs required slightly higher concentrations (5-10 µg/mL) to achieve similar inhibitory effects. Conclusion: This study underscores the potential of MNPs and AgNPs as effective antimicrobial agents against E. faecalis, highlighting their promise for application in dentistry and therapeutic formulations. Future studies should focus on the in vivo efficacy and safety profiles of these nanoparticles to facilitate their translation into clinical settings.