COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF CRIMINAL LAW NORMS AIMED AT PROTECTING THE LABOR RIGHTS OF MINORS AND WOMEN IN CERTAIN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

This article presents a comparative analysis of criminal-legal norms aimed at protecting the labor rights of minors and women. Labor rights protection legislation varies across different countries, and this article thoroughly analyzes the legal systems of Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Belarus, and Ukraine. It examines the mechanisms of holding individuals accountable for violations of labor rights related to minors, illegal dismissal of pregnant women, and parents with young children, which differ according to each country’s legal framework. The article provides a detailed overview of the legal foundations of these laws, punitive measures, and their significance in social protection. The analysis identifies similarities and differences in legal norms aimed at protecting labor rights in each country. It also reviews the mechanisms for implementing these laws, their application in judicial practice, and their role in the work of law enforcement agencies. In the conclusion, recommendations for improving labor legislation based on foreign experience are proposed, and the importance of these protection mechanisms is highlighted. This comparative analysis is intended to accelerate efforts to improve labor legislation and make use of advanced foreign practices in effectively safeguarding the labor rights of minors and women.