A Minimal Parametric Cosmological Model Explaining SN1a and BAO without Dark Components

This study, while ostensibly introducing the new term “Space Generation Cosmology,” fundamentally seeks to clarify the true physical and structural role of the “dark energy (cosmological constant)” term in the standard ΛCDM cosmology. If the very term “dark energy” essentially admits our ignorance—serving as little more than a parameter inserted for empirical fit—this work provides a theoretical, mathematical, and observational account of its function as an intrinsic “creation pressure” that acts not on matter, but solely within the fabric of space itself. Thus, space generation is logically equivalent to the traditional cosmological constant or dark energy term, yet is not treated as an ad hoc parameter for fitting observations, but rather as a genuine dynamical mechanism driving cosmic evolution. It is positioned as the natural physical interpretation of the FRW model’s assertion that “matter does not expand, only space does.” Through this reinterpretation, a broad range of cosmological phenomena—including the large-scale structure of the universe, galaxy rotation curves, galaxy morphology, dwarf galaxy properties, redshift, supernovae, and BAO—can all be explained in a unified manner without the need for dark matter. Ultimately, this model abandons the label of “dark energy,” which simply marks our ignorance, in favor of the concrete physical language of “space generation,” thereby providing a more transparent and direct account of the key terms in the standard theory—an interpretive upgrade rather than a wholly new paradigm. The core of this theory is the act of space generation itself. Through this generative framework, a vector-based model interacting with gravity is derived. Specifically, depending on the directionality and density of the space field, the gravitational field may be either amplified or suppressed. In fact, simulations of galactic outer regions support this dynamic behavior. Quantitatively, this theory demonstrates greater explanatory power than existing cosmological models, and it offers the prospect of unified solutions to a number of long-standing problems in modern cosmology.