A Comprehensive Overview of Vitiligo

The loss of melanocytes, which are cells that produce colour, is the hallmark of vitiligo, a chronic autoimmune skin condition that causes white spots or patches on the skin. Even though its precise cause is yet unknown, vitiligo most likely results from a complicated interaction between several variables. These include environmental, autoimmune, and hereditary factors. The three primary forms of vitiligo are segmental, non-segmental, and mixed. The symptoms of vitiligo include white or pale spots, skin discolouration, loss of skin pigmentation, itching or redness, and skin sensitivity. Topical corticosteroids, topical immunomodulators, vitamin D analogue, skin grafting, dietary modifications, stress reduction, JAK inhibitors, stem cell therapy, and more are some of the treatments available. This review summarised what is currently known about vitiligo and attempted to provide a forecast for future developments in vitiligo treatment.