Inhibition of amyloid beta oligomer, fibrils, and peptide using nanoparticles to disrupt Alzheimer's pathogenesis

The Aβ peptide, which is connected to the development of Alzheimer's disease, forms highly neurotoxic prefibrillar oligomeric aggregates, which are challenging to study due to their fleeting, low prevalence, and diverse nature. These aggregates are considered to play a role in the pathogenesis of numerous neurodegenerative diseases. The potential approach of blocking or disrupting the buildup of amyloid peptides, particularly amyloid-β (AβOs), by using nanoparticles that specifically bind or prevent their aggregation to develop new medications and treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) could be a promising solution. Nanoparticles have been proposed as a potential solution to modify the protein fibrillation process. Recently, Researchers have design and created some nanoparticles for inhibition of amyloid-β oligomer and (Aβ) peptide aggregation, involved in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this concise review, we concentrated on the mechanism and formation of amyloid beta oligomers, fibrils, peptides, and it’s role in Alzheimer's disease. Secondly, we discussed small molecules that can detect various forms of amyloid beta for early diagnosis. Lastly, we primarily focused on nanoparticles that possess the ability to inhibit and disaggregate amyloid beta oligomers fibrils, and peptide which are the primary hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Here for the first time we also summarize some of the nanoparticles and nanomaterials which can dis-aggregate the exis-ting amyloid-β oligomer and (Aβ) peptide which are challenging for many researcher.