The Role of Dark Matter in Establishing Fundamental Constants

Abstract: The nature of dark matter remains one of the greatest mysteries in modern physics. While its gravitational effects on galactic rotation curves, cosmic structure formation, and gravitational lensing are well-documented, its potential influence on fundamental constants of nature has received increasing theoretical attention. This paper explores whether dark matter plays a direct role in setting or influencing fundamental physical constants, such as the gravitational constant (G), the fine-structure constant (α), the proton-to-electron mass ratio (μ), and the cosmological constant (Λ). We analyze possible couplings between dark matter fields and standard model parameters, investigating whether variations in dark matter density, interaction cross-sections, or scalar field components could lead to observable time-dependent or spatial variations in fundamental constants. Using constraints from atomic clock experiments, quasar absorption spectra, big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), and large-scale cosmological evolution, we evaluate whether dark matter could serve as an underlying regulator of key physical properties. Key Highlights: Theoretical models linking dark matter interactions with fundamental constants. Constraints from observational cosmology, including BBN and quasar spectral analysis. Possible deviations in atomic clock measurements under varying dark matter density. Implications for modified gravity and unification theories. Potential gravitational wave signatures if fundamental constants evolve due to dark matter interactions. By merging insights from quantum field theory, cosmology, and precision experimental physics, this paper provides a new perspective on the relationship between dark matter and the fundamental constants that govern physical laws. Keywords: Dark matter, fundamental constants, fine-structure constant, gravitational constant, cosmological constant, atomic clocks, scalar fields, cosmology, quantum field theory, astrophysics.