A REVIEW ON HYDROXYAPATITE: AN EMERGING ALTERNATIVE TO FLUORIDE IN ORAL HEALTH

Dental caries remains a global public health concern, with fluoride being the cornerstone of cavity prevention for decades. However, growing concerns regarding fluoride toxicity and systemic health effects have driven research toward safer alternatives. This review explores hydroxyapatite (HAP) as a promising fluoride-free option for oral healthcare. HAP, a naturally occurring calcium phosphate mineral, directly integrates into the enamel matrix, mimicking the body's natural remineralization process. This review discusses the drawbacks of fluoride toothpaste, the mechanism of action of hydroxyapatite, its advantages over fluoride, and the clinical evidence supporting its effectiveness. Hydroxyapatite offers multiple benefits, including no risk of fluorosis, more effective enamel repair, suitability for all age groups, superior protection against tooth sensitivity, and eco-friendliness. Clinical studies have demonstrated remineralization effects comparable to those of fluoride, without associated risks. This review concludes that hydroxyapatite is emerging as a next-generation alternative to fluoride, with the potential to redefine preventive dentistry owing to its biocompatibility, safety, and effectiveness.