Gravitational Effects at the Boundaries of the Observable Universe: A New Perspective on Dark Matter Phenomena

In this article, we explore the gravitational effects at the boundaries of the observable universe and their implications for understanding phenomena traditionally attributed to dark matter. By considering the motion of celestial objects relative to the homogeneous and isotropic cosmic framework, we propose that asymmetries at the boundaries of the observable universe can generate a net gravitational force. This force, arising from relativistic effects and the Doppler shift, aligns with the direction of motion and mimics the effects of dark matter. We argue that this mechanism can explain the observed dynamics in the outer regions of galaxies and galaxy clusters without invoking dark matter. This work provides a novel perspective on cosmic dynamics and challenges conventional interpretations of dark matter.