SOCIAL HIERARCHIES IN SHAPING SELF-EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

This research investigates how social hierarchies affect self-employment prospects in India, emphasizing the roles of gender, caste, and cultural norms. Deeply rooted social frameworks determine access to resources and economic opportunities, significantly impacting entrepreneurial achievements, especially for women and marginalized groups (Munshi, 2020; World Bank, 2022). For instance, established gender roles restrict women’s access to financial resources and professional networks, creating systemic obstacles to entrepreneurship (Kabeer, 2018). Likewise, caste-based limitations persist in obstructing economic advancement for underprivileged communities, perpetuating inequities that inhibit equitable access to self-employment opportunities. This paper employs a mixed-methods strategy, integrating quantitative analysis and qualitative narratives to reveal these inequalities and explore how societal norms influence entrepreneurial paths according to identity and socio-economic conditions (NITI Aayog, 2021). This study aims to offer a comprehensive analysis of the various socio-economic factors influencing entrepreneurship in India. The research examines access to funding, educational opportunities, and systemic barriers across demographics to contribute insights for policy discussions. Its aim is to foster an inclusive entrepreneurial environment that helps individuals from all social groups thrive. By addressing socio-economic obstacles like income inequality and lack of mentorship, and promoting equitable opportunities, it seeks to empower aspiring entrepreneurs and enhance economic resilience and growth across diverse sectors in India.