Study of Haematological Profile of Children Diagnosed with Severe Acute Malnutrition

Background: Severe Acute Malnutrition continues to be a significant public health issue globally, especially in low- and middle-income nations. It is a life-threatening condition that plays a major role in childhood illness and death. Children with SAM are at heightened risk of infections, developmental delays, and poor health out-comes. Haematological parameters are crucial in understanding the extent of anemia, immune function, and overall health status in malnourished children, therefore understanding the hematological profile of children with SAM is essential for early diagnosis, effective treatment, and improved patient outcomes. Aim: To study the haematological parameters in Severe Acute Malnourished children. Objectives: To study the morphological spectrum of anemia, any WBC abnormality, or any other abnormal haematological parameters in severe acute malnutrition. Methodology: This prospective observational study included 243 children from 6 months to 59 months of age with Severe Acute Malnutrition admitted in Department of Pediatric Medicine, fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for severe acute malnutrition. Venus blood sample was collected in pediatric ward by venipuncture and was sent to central laboratory for analysis. Results: Anemia was the most common haematological abnormality, 92.2% of total 243 children suffering from SAM included in the study had Anemia. In the study, out of 224 children with anemia, 134(59.8%) had microcytic anemia, 49(21.9%) had normocytic anemia, and 41(18.3%) had macrocytic anemia. Leukocytosis was present in 67 (27.57%) of the total children, leukopenia was present in 20 (8.23%) children, thrombocytosis was present in 68 (27.98%) children and thrombocytopenia was present in 30 (12.35%) children of the total children with SAM. Conclusion: This study concludes that the primary haematological abnormality in children diagnosed with se-vere acute malnutrition is anemia, followed by thrombocytosis and leukocytosis. Children with severe acute malnutrition often exhibit abnormal haematological parameters. As a result, it is crucial to closely monitor these parameters and adjust treatment protocols accordingly to manage infections and support quicker recovery.