Pathways to a Low-Carbon Future: Mitigation, Adaptation, and Policy in India's Climate Transition.

India stands at a crucial juncture in addressing climate change mitigation and adaptation while sustaining economic growth for its 1.4 billion people. As a key global player, the country must balance developmental priorities with its commitment to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While significant strides have been made in promoting renewable energy and transitioning away from coal, achieving India’s ambitious net-zero target by 2070 requires a more comprehensive and adaptive policy framework. Mitigation efforts, such as shifting to clean energy and enhancing energy efficiency, may pose short-term economic and social challenges, particularly for coal-dependent communities. However, strategic adaptation measures—such as sustainable infrastructure, resilient energy systems, and targeted policy interventions—can minimize disruptions and create long-term economic opportunities. This paper critically examines India’s current climate policies and explores viable pathways for climate change mitigation and adaptation. By modeling emissions trajectories under different policy scenarios, the study highlights the trade-offs and synergies in achieving sustainable growth while combating climate change. The findings aim to inform policy decisions that drive a just and resilient transition towards a low-carbon future. Journal Article Published Link