The multifaceted virulence of Candida albicans: A comprehensive review of pathogenic mechanisms

This publication delves into the various virulence factors of Candida albicans, a prominent opportunistic pathogen in humans. It examines the morphological transitions between yeast and hyphal forms, highlighting their critical roles in pathogenesis. The review discusses key mechanisms such as biofilm formation, secretion of hydrolytic enzymes, and the expression of adhesins and invasins that facilitate host cell invasion and damage. Additionally, it explores the significance of candidalysin, a cytolytic exotoxin produced by hyphae, in mediating host immune responses and promoting infection. By synthesizing recent findings on the pathogenicity mechanisms of C. albicans, this work aims to enhance understanding of its role in human disease and inform future therapeutic strategies.