A Review on Gas Chromatography: Techniques, Methodologies, and Applications-Implications to Pharmaceutical Research

Gas chromatography (GC) is a powerful analytical technique used for the separation, identification, and quantification of volatile and semi-volatile compounds. This review explores the fundamental principles of GC, focusing on its working mechanism, stationary phases, column selection, operational conditions, sample introduction techniques, detection devices, and detection processes. Additionally, it covers qualitative and quantitative methods, applications in drug substance development, sample preparation techniques, derivatization methods, and chiral gas chromatographic applications. The article concludes with a discussion on recent advancements and future prospects of GC in pharmaceutical analysis.