Study Comparing Preoperative Intra-Incisional Antibiotic Infiltration and Prophylactic Intravenous Antibiotic Administration in Clean and Clean Contaminated Wound for Reducing Surgical Site Infection

Abstract Surgical site infections (SSIs) are among the most common causes of nosocomial infection and are associated with increased mortality and postoperative length of stay. The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) categorizes wounds into four classes: clean, clean-contaminated, contaminated, and dirty-infected. Antibiotic prophylaxis involves the administration of antibiotics before, during, and sometimes after surgery to prevent SSIs. The timing of antibiotic administration is critical, with guidelines recommending that antibiotics be given within one hour before surgical incision to ensure adequate tissue levels at the time of incision. In summary, antibiotics reduce the bacterial load at surgical sites by directly killing or inhibiting bacterial growth, targeting specific pathogens, preventing biofilm formation, and clearing residual bacteria. These actions help lower the risk of surgical site infections and contribute to better patient outcomes following surgical procedures.