Critical Evaluation of Garbhasrava and Garbhapata with Reference to Spontaneous Abortion

In Present day life style, nutritional deficiency, psychological stress, Telephonic habit, late night sleep, processed food or junk food, changing habits from rural culture to western culture, all these things disrupt physiology of reproduction and hinder the growth & development of foetus. Among other cases, abortion rate is drastically increased from last few decades, Modern lifestyle behaviours generate reactive oxygen radicals in the ovary and in testes in male, accumulation of these oxidative radicals, impaired the function of ovary and testes in male and reduces reproductive outcome. In present scenario psychological factor also could impact the physiology of female reproduction. The increased level of stress hormones such as cortisol reduces estradiol production in female and testosterone in male, in female it impaired granulosa cell function and in male leydig cell’s function is disturbed which results deterioration in oocyte and sperm quantity and quality and insufficient endometrial growth in female. Unwholesome food and stress disrupt HPG axis (Hypothalamus, pituitary Gonadal axis) in male and female, and is responsible for low quantity and poor quality of ovum and sperm production. According to ayurvedic literature expulsion of foetus up to 4 months termed as garbhasrava due to its liquidity (द्रवरूपतया गर्भविद्रवो) In modern literature abortion term used up to 22 weeks of pregnancy i.e. approx. 4 month and from 5 to 6 month termed as garbhapata (स्थिर शरीरस्य पात) due to stability of foetus, after 6 months term used are, pre-term labour. About 70% abortion occur before 16 week (up to 4 month) and of these about 80% occur before 12 week (3 months) of pregnancy. In ayurveda term Sanjatsar (संजातसार) are used after 4 months of pregnancy because after 4 month all the organs and placenta are completely formed and stability of foetus occur, before 3 months garbha is called Asanjatsar (असंजातसार) due to still developing placenta and organs and its instability.