Main barriers for architects when adopting BIM in the development of public investment projects

The implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in public investmentprojects presents several significant barriers for architects, which stem from a combinationof technical, financial, and cultural challenges. A key barrier is the lack ofclient demand, particularly in the private sector, which has resulted in an unevenuptake of BIM adoption despite its proven benefits in enhancing project efficiencyand collaboration[1]. Furthermore, the architecture, engineering, and construction(AEC) industry is notably risk-averse, which makes the introduction of new workingmethods like BIM particularly challenging[9].Another major challenge is the low level of knowledge and awareness about BIMtechnology among architects. This gap in understanding is exacerbated by insufficienttraining opportunities and resources, particularly in developing countries[4]. Thelow prices of construction documentation also disincentivize the adoption of BIM,as the perceived costs and complexities associated with its implementation oftenoutweigh the immediate financial benefits[3].Technical barriers also play a significant role in hindering BIM adoption. IntegratingBIM software with existing systems and workflows can be complex and resource-intensive,leading to issues such as software integration problems, data managementcomplications, and challenges with legacy systems[6]. These technical difficulties arecompounded by the general resistance to change within the industry, which can delaythe adoption of innovative technologies like BIM[7].In the context of public construction projects, the complexity and scale of theseprojects introduce additional challenges. Public projects often face delays and costoverruns, and while BIM has the potential to improve efficiency and quality, itsimplementation can be bogged down by bureaucratic processes and a lack of clearmandates[5]. Even in countries where BIM mandates exist, they are not alwaysstrictly enforced, leading to inconsistent adoption practices[8].