REVIEW ON BIOMOLECULES DETECTION USING NANOPARTICLES

Abstract The construction of nanoparticle-based detection systems with precisely regulated physical characteristics such as regulated size, shape, and surface chemistry has been made possible by recent developments in nanotechnology. These attributes are essential for attaining high sensitivity and specificity. To enable quick and precise biomolecule detection, these systems take advantage of the special optical, magnetic, and electrical properties of nanomaterials, such as magnetic nanoparticles, Nanoparticles of gold with quantum dots. Advanced detection techniques like plasmonic resonance, electrochemical sensing, and Raman scattering enhanced by the surface (SERS) have further broadened the analytical toolkit and supported applications in targeted treatments, environmental monitoring, and clinical diagnostics. However, there are still issues with guaranteeing cost-effectiveness, scalability, and repeatability when moving from lab research to practical applications. The next generation of reliable, pointn of care diagnostic devices is anticipated to be driven by developments in nanoparticle synthesis and functionalization, integration with microfluidic systems, and the use of artificial intelligence for process optimization.