Assessing the Impact of Socio-Economic Factors on Malnutrition Among Children Under the Age of Five in Ugbor Primary Healthcare, Benin City

Because it raises rates of illness and mortality, malnutrition is still a major public health concern, especially for children under five. Children's nutritional status is greatly influenced by socioeconomic conditions, which also affect access to quality food, medical treatment, and education. This study assessed the impact of socioeconomic factors on malnutrition among children under five attending Ugbor Primary Healthcare, Benin City. This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional survey design. A random sampling technique was used to select participants, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 was used for data analysis, with results presented using descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages. The results showed that employment status, household income, and maternal education all had a substantial impact on the prevalence of malnutrition. Of those surveyed, 52.1% admitted that high food costs made it difficult to obtain balanced meals, and 53.6% felt that maternal education was essential for children's nutrition. Additionally, 55.1% of respondents indicated that demanding jobs affected mothers' ability to provide adequate nutrition, and 56.5% agreed that rural dwellers faced higher malnutrition risks due to limited resources. The study also found that 63.8% of respondents identified stunted growth, frequent illnesses, and developmental delays as common consequences of malnutrition. The study highlights the significant influence of socioeconomic factors on childhood malnutrition, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. Reducing malnutrition rates requires raising economic stability, improving maternal education, and raising nutritional awareness. Comprehensive nutrition education should be provided by healthcare professionals, and the government should enact laws that promote food security and provide vulnerable families with financial help. To improve overall child health outcomes, women should prioritize the best methods for feeding their infants and children, and community-based programs should support sustainable food sources.