Influence of Strategic Culture on the Resolution of Territorial Disputes: A Case Study of Kenya

This study explored the relationship between Kenya's strategic culture and its national security decision-making processes, with particular focus on how this culture has shaped the country’s responses to territorial disputes. The study is grounded in the Path dependence and Rational Choice theories, which provide insights into how historical events and established institutional norms influence future decisions and how the selection and implementation of strategies towards the resolution of the disputes have not always been the most optimal, due to the underlying cost-benefit analysis variables impacting the State’s policies and actions. The study adopted a mixed methods approach; and was based on a case study research design. Findings indicate that Kenya's strategic culture, characterized by a consistent preference for diplomacy, leniency, and compromise, has significantly shaped the country's national security decisions, particularly in relation to territorial disputes. This ambiguity, devoid of decisive diplomatic, legal, or military actions has undermined Kenya’s credibility as a regional economic and military power. Her preferences for military or diplomatic responses are shaped by past experiences and political regimes, among others. While a cooperative, antimilitaristic stance is prudent, it also reveals weaknesses in resolutely resolving threats to national security. Recommendations include prioritizing control of the disputed territories, enhancing inter-agency coordination, establishing a think tank for long-term planning, and regularly reviewing national security policies and strategies. Keywords: Strategic Culture, National Interests, Territorial Integrity, Military Action, Diplomacy