INDIAN HIGHER EDUCATION KEY POLICIES SINCE INDEPENDENCE AND SUGGESTED REFORMS IN TERM OF GLOBAL COMPETATINESS

This study examines the evolution and impact of key policies on India's higher education sector since its independence in 1947, with a focus on global competitiveness. India's higher education system has undergone significant reforms aimed at addressing challenges such as educational access, quality, and alignment with national development goals. The Radhakrishnan Commission (1948-49) laid the foundation for university education, emphasizing coordination and funding. The Kothari Commission (1964-66) further advanced these reforms, advocating for qualitative improvements, expansion, and alignment with national goals. The National Policy on Education (1968) sought to equalize educational opportunities, integrate regional disparities, and enhance science and research education. Subsequent efforts, such as the Committee on Higher Education (2009) chaired by Prof. Yash Pal, identified critical issues like low enrollment rates and fragmentation of the system, which hindered the sector's growth. This study also explores suggested reforms to enhance India's global competitiveness, focusing on improving infrastructure, increasing public spending on education, and promoting research and innovation. As global educational standards rise, India must address these challenges to produce a highly skilled and globally competitive workforce. The study concludes with policy recommendations to enhance the effectiveness and global standing of India’s higher education system, ensuring it meets both national and international needs in the 21st century.