Formulation, Characterization, and Evaluation of an Emulsion Containing Apple Cider Vinegar and Clove Extract for Topical Application

This research focuses on developing and evaluating an emulsion containing apple cider vinegar (ACV) and clove extract for topical application aimed at reducing pigmentation and protecting against oxidative stress. The combination of these two natural ingredients was tested for its antioxidant properties, stability, and physicochemical characteristics. Various tests, including pH, viscosity, spreadability, and the DPPH radical scavenging assay, were conducted. The results indicated significant antioxidant activity, making this emulsion a promising natural alternative for skincare applications. Stability testing demonstrated the emulsion's ability to maintain integrity over time under varying environmental conditions